Efeitos da pandemia de Covid-19 na saúde física e mental em mulheres / Efectos de la Covid-19 en la salud física y mental en mujeres / Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on physical and mental health in women

Com o objetivo de investigar os efeitos das medidas de restrição da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde física e mental, nove mulheres adultas participaram de entrevistas individuais, em profundidade, virtuais, a partir de roteiro semiestruturado. A análise de conteúdo das entrevistas gerou cinco núcleos temáticos: 1) Sensações, emoções e reações intensificadas, retratando sentimentos e emoções decorrentes da pandemia; 2) Mudança de rotina no trabalho: home office, abordando a transição do trabalho presencial para o trabalho remoto em casa; 3) Intensificando relações, evidenciando os efeitos nas relações familiares 4) Comer emocional, comer saudável, apontando a reorganização nas formas de comer e 5) Enfrentamento à pandemia, quando são indicadas as principais estratégias adotadas. A necessidade de reorganização abrupta da realidade, o medo de contaminação e adoecimento e a imprevisibilidade do fim da pandemia impactou a saúde psicológica das participantes. O exercício físico se revelou como importante estratégia de manutenção da saúde mental.

Aiming to investigate the effects of COVID-19 pandemic restriction measures on physical and mental health nine adult women were interviewed individually, in remote format, following a semi-structured script, which aimed to gather an in depth view of their thoughts. The content analysis of the interviews resulted in five thematic nuclei: 1) Intensified sensations, emotions, and reactions, portraying emotions resulting from the pandemic; 2) Change of work routine: home office, addressing the transition from face-to-face work to remote work at home; 3) Intensifying relationships, highlighting the effects on family relationships; 4) Emotional eating, healthy eating, evidencing the reorganization of the foodways; and 5) Dealing with the pandemic, when strategies adopted were reported. The need for an abrupt reorganization of reality, the fear of contamination and illness, and the unpredictability of the end of the pandemic impacted the participants' psychological health. Physical exercise proved to be an important strategy for maintaining mental health.

Con el objetivo de investigar los efectos de medidas de restricción de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la salud física y mental, nueve mujeres adultas participaron de entrevistas semiestructuradas, en profundidad. Del análisis de contenido, surgieron cinco núcleos temáticos: 1) Sensaciones, emociones y reacciones intensificadas, retratando sentimientos y emociones productos de la pandemia; 2) Cambio de rutina laboral: oficina en casa, abordando la transición del trabajo presencial para home office ; 3) Intensificando las relaciones, destacando el impacto en las relaciones familiares; 4) Comer emocional, comer sano, señalando la reorganización en las maneras de comer y 5) Hacer frente a la pandemia, cuando informan las estrategias adoptadas. La necesidad de una reorganización abrupta de la realidad, el miedo a la contaminación y la enfermedad, y la imprevisibilidad del fin de la pandemia impactaron la salud psicológica de las participantes. El ejercicio físico resultó ser una estrategia importante para mantener la salud mental.

Movimentando-se em direção ao bem-estar físico e mental após o câncer de mama / Moving towards physical and mental well-being after breast cancer / Moviéndose hacia el bienestar físico y mental tras el cáncer de mama

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender os efeitos do exercício físico na saúde mental de mulheres em recuperação do câncer de mama. A abordagem metodológica escolhida foi qualitativa. Participaram do estudo seis mulheres em recuperação do câncer de mama que realizavam exercício físico regulamente. As participantes compartilharam vivências e percepções sobre os efeitos do exercício físico a partir de uma entrevista estruturada. Os dados foram investigados à luz da análise temática. Os resultados apontaram que é desejável conciliar a obtenção de prazer e a função terapêutica do exercício físico. Este pode ser meio para regulação emocional e pode proporcionar trocas de experiências e de afetos. Este estudo ampliou o conhecimento nas áreas da psico-oncologia e da psicologia do esporte (AU).

The aim of this study was to understand the effects of physical exercise on the mental health of women recovering from breast cancer. The chosen methodological approach was qualita-tive. Six women recovering from breast cancer who performed re-gular physical exercise participated in the study. The participants shared experiences and perceptions about the effects of physical exercise based on a semi-structured interview. Data were investi-gated in the light of thematic analysis. The results point out that it is desirable to conciliate the obtaining of pleasure and the thera-peutic function of the physical exercise. This can be a means for emotional regulation and can provide exchanges of experiences and affections. This study expanded knowledge in the areas of psycho-oncology and sport psychology (AU).

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender los efectos del ejercicio físico en la salud mental de mujeres en recuperación de cáncer de mama. El enfoque metodológico elegido fue cuali-tativo. Participaron del estudio seis mujeres en recuperación de cáncer de mama que realizaban ejercicio físico regular. Las partici-pantes compartieron experiencias y percepciones sobre los efec-tos del ejercicio físico a partir de una entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron investigados a la luz del análisis temático. Los resultados apuntan que es deseable conciliar la obtención de pla-cer y la función terapéutica del ejercicio físico. Esto puede ser un medio de regulación emocional y puede propiciar intercambios de experiencias y afectos. Este estudio amplió conocimientos en las áreas de psicooncología y psicología del deporte (AU).

Healthy Lifestyle Deck of cards as a tool for cognitive-behavioral therapy in adults with obesity / Baralho do Estilo de Vida como ferramenta da terapia cognitivo-comportamental de adultos com obesidade

This is a mixed-methodology controlled clinical study that assessed the effect of the Health Lifestyle Deck of cards as a Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy tool for obese adults. Method The sample was divided into two groups: Intervention group and Intervention+Deck. The therapy was interdisciplinary handled by psychology, nutrition and physical education professionals, along 12 sessions. The following measures were performed: anthropometric assessment, indicators of binge eating, depression, anxiety and stress, quality of life, self-efficacy for eating habits, and physical activity at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Participants' written and verbal reports' content was analyzed. Results The results were: a reduction in body mass, binge eating, and improvement of self-efficacy to regulate eating habits in both groups. There was an improvement in the psychological domain of quality of life only in the Intervention+Deck group. Conclusion The study concluded that the intervention favored participants' cognitive and behavioral changes.

Este estudo clínico controlado de metodologia mista avaliou o efeito do Baralho do Estilo de Vida como ferramenta da Terapia Cognitivo-comportamental em grupo de adultos com obesidade. Método A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: grupo Intervenção e grupo Intervenção+Baralho. A terapia foi interdisciplinar com profissionais da psicologia, nutrição e educação física e foram realizadas 12 sessões. As avaliações realizadas foram: avaliação antropométrica, indicadores de compulsão alimentar, depressão, ansiedade e estresse, qualidade de vida, autoeficácia para hábito alimentar e atividade física no início e no fim da intervenção. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo dos relatos verbais e por escrito dos participantes. Resultados Neste sentido, verificou-se redução da massa corporal, da compulsão alimentar e melhora da autoeficácia para regular o hábito alimentar nos dois grupos. Houve melhora no domínio psicológico da qualidade de vida apenas no grupo Intervenção+Baralho. Conclusão O estudo concluiu que a intervenção favoreceu mudanças cognitivas e comportamentais dos participantes.

"I support you in everything": a qualitative study on maternal perception about their skating daughters

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to understand the perceptions of mothers about the practice of figure skating by their daughters aged between 8 and 13 years old. Methods: Eight mothers of skaters belonging to a youth competition team were interviewed in a qualitative study, which used narratives as the methodological approach. The interview was structured with open-ended questions and the full transcriptions were analyzed through content analysis. Results: The results of the three categories of analysis - "Skating and competing: the first influences"; "Family models and maternal participation"; and "Behavior of parents in sporting events" - showed that mothers perceived they provide emotional and motivational support during their daughters' sports practice and that they do not exert pressure for results. To not recognize negative behaviors could be negative to the skaters and may be the result of an inconscient mechanism or the need of mothers to have socially accepted behavior. They also stressed anxiety during competitions and reported strategies to cope with it. Thus, it is important to raise awareness of this situation so mothers can have more resources to manage this fragile balance. Conclusions: The way mothers participate in their children's sports life and express their support influences their sports practice; therefore, to understand how mothers perceive their involvement in their daughters' sportive practice is important to develop best practices to guarantee the quality of the interaction between mothers-children and healthy psychological development.

Cognitive Behavioral Approach to Treat Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Our aim was to analyze and compare the effects of three different long-term treatments on anthropometric profiles, eating behaviors, anxiety and depression levels, and quality of life of groups of adults with obesity. Methods: The 43 participants in the study were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the education and health group (EH, n = 12), which received lectures on health topics; the physical exercise group (PE, n = 13), which underwent physical training; and the interdisciplinary therapy plus cognitive behavioral therapy (IT + CBT) (n = 18) group, which received physical training, nutritional advice, and physical and psychological therapy. Results: Total quality of life increased significantly in the EH group (△ = 2.00); in the PE group, body weight significantly decreased (△ = -1.42) and the physical domain of quality of life improved (△ = 1.05). However, the most significant changes were seen in the IT + CBT group, in which the anthropometric profile improved; there were an increase in quality of life in all domains (physical, psychological, social, and environmental), an improvement in eating behaviors [Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), total △ = -8.39], and a reduction in depression [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), △ = -10.13). Conclusion: The IT + CBT program was more effective than the PE and EH programs. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT02573688.

Trajetória esportiva e habilidades psicológicas de jogadores de futebol da seleção brasileira / Trayectoria deportiva y habilidades psicológicas de jugadores de fútbol de la selección brasileña / Sports trajectory and psychological skills of brazilian national team soccer players

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a construção da trajetória de jogadores de futebol profissional da seleção brasileira. Foram entrevistados seis jogadores de futebol, do gênero masculino, que faziam parte da equipe principal de clubes que disputam a primeira divisão do Campeonato Brasileiro. Critério de inclusão: mínimo de dois anos como jogador profissional e pelo menos uma convocação pela seleção brasileira de futebol. Os atletas foram entrevistados individualmente. A partir da análise das entrevistas, constatou-se que o futebol se apresenta como tema central em suas vidas e que a família tem um papel importante no contexto do esporte. A importância das habilidades psicológicas é confirmada para aqueles que atingiram a elite do futebol profissional e a seleção brasileira. A compreensão da trajetória esportiva de atletas da elite constitui um tema de grande relevância para o avanço da ciência do esporte.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es comprender la construcción de la trayectoria de futbolistas profesionales de la selección brasileña. Entrevistamos a seis futbolistas, de género masculino, que formaban parte del equipo principal de clubes que compiten en la primera división del Campeonato Brasileño. Criterios de inclusión: mínimo de dos años como jugador profesional y al menos una convocatoria para la Selección Brasileña de Fútbol. Los atletas fueron entrevistados individualmente. A partir del análisis de las entrevistas, se constató que el fútbol es un tema central en sus vidas y que la familia juega un papel importante en el contexto del deporte. La importancia de las habilidades psicológicas se confirma para aquellos que alcanzaron la élite del fútbol profesional y la selección brasileña. Comprender la trayectoria deportiva de los deportistas de élite es un tema de gran relevancia para el avance de la ciencia del deporte.

Abstract This study looked into the construction of the professional trajectories of players from Brazil's national soccer team. Interviews were conducted with six male players who were part of the first team of clubs that play in the first division of the Brazilian Championship. Inclusion criteria: minimum of two years as a professional player and at least one call-up to the Brazilian national team. Athletes were interviewed individually. According to the analysis of the interviews, soccer is a central theme in their lives, and their families play important roles in the sports context. The importance of psychological skills for those who reach the elite of professional soccer and the Brazilian team is confirmed. Understanding the trajectories of elite athletes in sports is important for the advancement of sports science.

Assertive skills: a comparison of two group interventions with Brazilian university students

The improvement or acquisition of socioemotional skills contributes to the academic and personal adaptation of university students. The way students think about themselves and others influence their social skills and well-being. Considering the importance of social competence for professional practice in the face of new social realities, the university must invest in programs that promote the socio-emotional development of students. This study compared the effects of interventions based on Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and Psychoeducation on assertive skills and subjective well-being. This study involved 25 undergraduate students of a public university. The students were randomly allocated to three groups, including the Control group, and they were evaluated by means of questionnaires, inventories, scales, and written evaluation of the group process. The program consisted of 10 meetings and a 6-week follow-up. Irrational beliefs were reduced and their assertive skills' scores increased in the post-intervention and follow-up evaluations, regardless of the group. Only verbal reports from participants indicated an increase in well-being. The students' written reports after the end of the meetings indicate that the two forms of intervention were evaluated as promoting change by the students. One of the limitations of the study is the size of the groups. Despite the very small sample size, the study highlights that developing a set of flexible beliefs is fundamental to the exercise of assertiveness. (AU)

Use of a Smartphone App to Increase Physical Activity Levels in Insufficiently Active Adults: Feasibility Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART).

BACKGROUND: The sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) design allows for changes in the intervention during the trial period. Despite its potential and feasibility for defining the best sequence of interventions, so far, it has not been utilized in a smartphone/gamified intervention for physical activity. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the feasibility of the SMART design for assessing the effects of a smartphone app intervention to improve physical activity in adults. We also aimed to describe the participants' perception regarding the protocol and the use of the app for physical activity qualitatively. METHODS: We conducted a feasibility 24-week/two-stage SMART in which 18 insufficiently active participants (<10,000 steps/day) were first randomized to group 1 (smartphone app only), group 2 (smartphone app + tailored messages), and a control group (usual routine during the protocol). Participants were motivated to increase their step count by at least 2000 steps/day each week. Based on the 12-week intermediate outcome, responders continued the intervention and nonresponders were rerandomized to subsequent treatment, including a new group 3 (smartphone app + tailored messages + gamification) in which they were instructed to form groups to use several game elements available in the chosen app (Pacer). We considered responders as those with any positive slope in the linear relationship between weeks and steps per day at the end of the first stage of the intervention. We compared the accelerometer-based steps per day before and after the intervention, as well as the slopes of the app-based steps per day between the first and second stages of the intervention. RESULTS: Twelve participants, including five controls, finished the intervention. We identified two responders in group 1. We did not observe relevant changes in the steps per day either throughout the intervention or compared with the control group. However, the rerandomization of five nonresponders led to a change in the slope of the steps per day (median -198 steps/day [IQR -279 to -103] to 20 steps/day [IQR -204 to 145]; P=.08). Finally, in three participants from group 2, we observed an increase in the number of steps per day up to the sixth week, followed by an inflection to baseline values or even lower (ie, a quadratic relationship). The qualitative analysis showed that participants' reports could be classified into the following: (1) difficulty in managing the app and technology or problems with the device, (2) suitable response to the app, and (3) difficulties to achieve the goals. CONCLUSIONS: The SMART design was feasible and changed the behavior of steps per day after rerandomization. Rerandomization should be implemented earlier to take advantage of tailored messages. Additionally, difficulties with technology and realistic and individualized goals should be considered in interventions for physical activity using smartphones. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-8xtc9c; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-8xtc9c/.

Effects of functional training and 2 interdisciplinary interventions on maximal oxygen uptake and weight loss of women with obesity: a randomized clinical trial.

Our aim was to analyze and compare functional training, interdisciplinary therapy, and interdisciplinary education on cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) and anthropometric characteristics of women with obesity. Forty-four women (age = 39.7 ± 5.9 years, body mass index (BMI) = 35.5 ± 2.8 kg/m2) completed 30 weeks of intervention randomly assigned to 3 groups: functional training (FT) (n = 14), interdisciplinary therapy (IT) (n = 19), and interdisciplinary education (IE) (n = 11). The FT group participated in the training program (3/week), the IT group received the same training intervention plus nutrition (1/week) and psychology advice (1/week) and physical therapy (1/week). The IE group participated in interdisciplinary lectures on topics related to health promotion (1/month). CF (ergospirometry), anthropometry, and body composition (electrical bioimpedance) were measured pre-intervention (Pre) and post-intervention (Post). CF increased (p ≤ 0.05) significantly (Pre vs. Post) in the FT (7.5%) and IT (10.8%) groups, but not in the IE group (1.8%). Body mass (BM), BMI, relative fat mass, and waist circumference significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased (Pre vs. Post) in IT (-4.4%, -4.4%, -2.3%, and -5.1%, respectively). The IE group showed a significant decrease in BM (-3.7%), BMI (-3.7%), and waist circumference (-3.5%), whereas the FT group promoted significant decrease in waist circumference (-3.4%). In conclusion, functional training increased CF but only interdisciplinary interventions improved the anthropometric profile of women with obesity. Novelty Interdisciplinary therapy provided more comprehensive adaptations in women with obesity, including morphological variables and CF. Functional training increased CF but reduced only abdominal obesity. Interdisciplinary education provided benefits on morphological variables, but it does not increase CF.

Impact of a nutrition education program on gymnasts perceptions and eating practices

Abstract Aims: To understand how participating in a Nutrition & Health Education program (NHEP) affected the way rhythm gymnasts and their coaches perceive their food practices. Methods: Qualitative study portraying a case study of a NHEP specifically designed for a rhythm gymnastic team. The NHEP was conducted at the training facilities. Fourteen rhythm gymnasts, consisting of the team that represents a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, and their two coaches participated in the study. Athletes and coaches were interviewed about their perceptions and food practices before and after a 9-month NHEP designed specifically for them. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim. Two categories emerged from the discourses and were analyzed using the content analysis: "beliefs and feeding practices" and "construction of a positive relationship with food". Results: Athletes reported changes in their food practices related to the themes discussed with them in the NHEP, such as daily breakfast intake, higher intake of fruits, vegetables, milk products, and wholegrain foods. Conclusion: The NHEP allowed specific demands of the athletes to be identified and addressed, generating awareness and motivation to positive changes in eating practices.

Neuroendocrine Control, Inflammation, and Psychological Aspects After Interdisciplinary Therapy in Obese Women.

Obesity is a chronic and multifactorial disease promoted by positive energy balance. The objective was to evaluate the effects of interdisciplinary therapy in the neuroendocrine control of food intake, inflammatory markers, and psychological aspects in obese women. Forty-seven obese women (43.32±5.82 years, 34.86±3.08 kg/m2), aged 30-50 years, participated in an interdisciplinary lifestyle change therapy, consisting of nutritional counseling, physical exercises, and psychological therapy for 36 weeks. After the long-term therapy, there was a decrease in body weight (Δ -5.36 kg), BMI (Δ -2.01 kg/m2), abdominal (Δ -9.09 cm), hip (Δ -5.03 cm), and thigh (Δ -5.07 cm) perimeters. There was also a significant improvement in body composition, with an increase in fat-free mass (Δ 1.60%) and reduction of body fat (Δ -3.74 kg). The therapy proposed also provided an improvement in depression scores (Δ -6.63), anxiety (Δ -4.07), body image (Δ -25.25), and binge eating (Δ -5.25). There was a significant reduction in serum levels of leptin (Δ -15.62 ng/ml). The interdisciplinary therapy was able to provide both, physical and psychological benefits in energy balance, which enables the use of this model as a feasible clinical strategy for the treatment of obesity.

O impacto do esporte competitivo na escolha alimentar: narrativas de atletas de ginástica artística masculina / The impact of competitive sport on food choices: narratives of male artistic gymnastics athletes / El impacto del deporte competitivo en la elección alimentaria: narrativas de atletas de gimnasia artística masculina

Esportes que supervalorizam a estética e o baixo peso corporal são indicados como os com mais incidência de comportamentos alimentares de risco. Diante disto, investigou-se o impacto do esporte competitivo na escolha alimentar de atletas de ginástica artística masculina e, para tanto, foram entrevistados quatro ginastas adultos do gênero masculino. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com o uso das narrativas como abordagem metodológica. As entrevistas foram obtidas por meio de questões abertas e analisadas à luz da análise de conteúdo, evidenciando dois núcleos temáticos: "regras e estética" e "alimento como merecimento". Os resultados indicam que as escolhas alimentares destes atletas no período competitivo, são desprovidas de prazer, norteadas pela preocupação com a estética, pelo controle exercido pelo técnico e por autorregras. Após a competição, as escolhas aparecem relacionadas ao prazer, livre de regras e vistas como recompensa. Portanto, conclui-se a vulnerabilidade deste grupo às escolhas alimentares prejudiciais à saúde.

In sports which overvalue aesthetics and low body weight athletes have a higher incidence of risky eating behavior. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of the sport environment on food choices of male artistic gymnastics athletes. Four adult male artistic gymnastics athletes were interviewed. It is a cross-sectional study, which used narratives as the methodological approach. The interviews were obtained through open-ended questions and were analyzed though the content analysis, evidencing two thematic nuclei: rules and aesthetic and food as merit. The results indicate that the food choices of these athletes, during the competitive period, are devoid of pleasure, guided by the concern about aesthetics, controlled by the coaches and self-rules. After competition, choices appear to be related to pleasure, free of rules and seen as reward. Therefore, we conclude the vulnerability of this group to harmful food choices.

Deportes que sobrevaloran la estética y el bajo peso corporal conducen a mayor incidencia de comportamientos alimentarios de riesgo. Se investigó el impacto del deporte competitivo en la elección alimentaria de atletas de gimnasia artística. Se entrevistaron cuatro gimnastas adultos, del género masculino. En este estudio transversal, se utilizó las narrativas como propuesta metodológica. Las entrevistas fueron obtenidas a través de preguntas abiertas y fueron analizadas a la luz del análisis de contenido, evidenciando dos núcleos temáticos: reglas y estética y alimento como merecimiento. Los resultados indican que las elecciones alimentarias de estos atletas, en el período competitivo, están desprovistas de placer, orientadas por la preocupación por la estética, el control ejercido por el técnico y las autorreglas. Después de la competición, las elecciones se relacionan con el placer, libre de reglas y consideradas como recompensa. Por lo tanto, se concluye la vulnerabilidad de este grupo a las opciones alimenticias perjudiciales para la salud.

Jealousy and anxiety in male domestic abusers: A comparative study / Ciúme e ansiedade em homens que agridem a parceira: um estudo comparativo

The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between partner's jealousy and the anxiety level presented by male domestic abusers, comparing these variables with men of similar age, socio-economic status, and educational level, without a history of domestic violence. The sample consisted of 20 male abusers and 20 men without a history of violence towards their partner. A Batterer Semi-Structured Interview on Family of Origin; the Romantic Jealousy Scale; and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used as instruments. The groups did not differ statistically regarding age, education, and income; however, they were statistically different regarding the variables jealousy and anxiety levels. Abusers presented higher scores on jealousy and anxiety than non-abusers It is suggested that jealousy combined with anxiety may contribute to intimate partner violence. Future studies could further investigate this possibility using larger samples.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre o ciúme da parceira e o nível de ansiedade de homens perpetradores de violência, comparando essas variáveis com homens sem histórico de violência doméstica de idade, com status socioeconômico e escolaridade semelhantes. A amostra foi composta por 20 perpetradores de violência e 20 homens sem histórico de violência contra a mulher. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Roteiro de Entrevista Individual Semiestruturada da Família de Origem do Agressor, Inventário de Ansiedade Beck e Escala de Ciúme Romântico. Ambos os grupos não diferiram estatisticamente em relação a idade, escolaridade e renda. No entanto, os grupos foram estatisticamente diferentes em termos das variáveis ciúme e níveis de ansiedade. Os perpetradores de violência apresentaram maiores escores no ciúme e na ansiedade do que homens sem histórico de agressão. Sugere-se que o ciúme combinado à ansiedade excessiva pode contribuir para a Violência do Parceiro Íntimo. Estudos futuros poderiam investigar essa possibilidade com amostras maiores.

Corpo em movimento: dor e subjetivação em modalidades estéticas de alto rendimento / Body in movement: pain and subjectivation in high performance aesthetics sport / Cuerpo en movimiento: dolor y subjetivación en modalidades estéticas de alto rendimiento

A dor se manifesta com continuidade na vida de atletas, produz formas através das quais estes se relacionam com o esporte, consigo. Buscaremos compreender as modulações subjetivas da dor e significados advindos dessa experiência continuada nas perspectivas cognitivas e comportamentais em atletas de modalidades individuais cujo componente estético constitui indicador de desempenho e excelência. Este ensaio discute o papel das interpretações que modulam a figura do atleta e da dor, não reduzida a uma realidade estritamente biológica.

The pain manifests continuously in athlete's life, produces modes whereby they relate with sports and themselves. We seek to comprehend the subjective modulations through pain and meanings from continued experience in cognitive and behavioral perspectives in athletes of individual modalities where the aesthetics components shows high performance and excellence. This essay discuss the figure of the athlete e and the pain, not reduced to a strict biological reality.

El dolor se manifiesta frecuentemente en la vida de los atletas, y se produce de diferentes formas a través de las cuales esos individuos se relacionan con el deporte y consigo mismos. Se buscará comprender, en el presente trabajo, las modulaciones subjetivas del dolor y los significados que provienen de la experiencia continua, bajo las perspectivas cognitivas y comportamentales de aquellos que practican modalidades individuales, cuyos componentes estéticos constituyen un indicador de rendimiento y excelencia. Este ensayo pretende, además, discutir el papel de las interpretaciones que modulan la figura del atleta y su dolor, no reducido a una realidad estrictamente biológica.

A meditação no esporte de alto rendimento: revisão sistematizada da literatura / Meditation in high performance sports: a systematic literature review / La meditación en el deporte de alto rendimiento: revisión sistematizada de la literatura

Este artigo analisa as evidências de estudos observacionais que avaliaram o desempenho es-portivo de atletas sob programas de meditação. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases: LILACS, SCIELO, PubMed e MEDLINE. Qualificaram-se as evidências pela escala PEDro e tabula-ram-se os protocolos utilizados para o treino, os parâmetros avaliados e os efeitos da medita-ção na performance e as modalidades esportivas. Treze trabalhos foram analisados e apresen-taram associação positiva entre meditação e aumento da performance esportiva, entre os quais houve predominância de abordagens comportamentais e avaliação dos preditores cognitivos do desempenho esportivo individual. Apesar dos resultados positivos, os protocolos de medi-tação utilizados demonstraram inconsistências com os fundamentos do treinamento esportivo.

This article analyzes the evidence in observational studies that have evaluated the athletic performance of individuals in meditation programs. The research was carried out on scientific bases such as Lilacs, Scielo, Pubmed and Medline. The evidence was evaluated according to the PEDro scale, where the protocols used for training, sports modalities and meditation ef-fects were systematized. We analyzed 13 studies that showed a positive correlation between meditation and increased athletic performance. Among them, behavioral approaches and the evaluation of cognitive predictors of individual athletic performance predominated. Despite the positive outcomes, the used meditation protocols have demonstrated to be inconsistent according to the sports training fundamentals.

Este artículo analiza las evidencias de estudios de observación que evaluaron el desempeño deportivo de atletas bajo programas de meditación. La investigación se realizó en las bases: Lilacs, Scielo, PubMed y Medline. Se calificaron las evidencias por la escala PEDro y se ta-bularon los protocolos utilizados para el entrenamiento; los parámetros evaluados y efectos de meditación en la performance; y las modalidades deportivas. Se analizaron 13 trabajos que presentaron asociación positiva entre meditación y aumento de la performance, con predomi-nio de abordajes de comportamiento y evaluación de los predictores cognitivos del rendimien-to. A pesar de los resultados positivos, los protocolos de meditación demuestran inconsisten-cias con los fundamentos del entrenamiento desportivo.

Women Crack Users, Pregnancy and Motherhood: Potential Periods for Health Care / Mulheres Usuárias de Crack, Gravidez e Maternidade: Períodos Potenciais para Cuidados em Saúde

Abstract This study aimed to understand how women report their behaviors concerning drug use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. This is a qualitative study, conducted in the metropolitan area of Santos. Twelve women who have used crack were interviewed through a semistructured interview. The interviews were analyzed from the perspective of content analysis. Our data indicate that pregnancy is a critical time to sensitize these women and try to lessen the damage and the risks associated with the use of crack among them.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou compreender como as mulheres reportam seus comportamentos em relação ao uso de drogas durante a gravidez e a amamentação. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado na região metropolitana de Santos. Doze mulheres usuárias de crack foram entrevistadas por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. As entrevistas foram analisadas a partir da análise de conteúdo. Os dados indicam que a gravidez é um momento crítico para sensibilizar essas mulheres e tentar diminuir danos e riscos associados ao consumo de crack entre elas.

Impact of an Interdisciplinary Food, Nutrition and Health Education Program for adolescent Brazilian volleyball players / Impacto de um Programa Interdisciplinar de Educação Alimentar, Nutricional e em Saúde para jogadoras de voleibol adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of an Interdisciplinary Food, Nutrition and Health Education Program on nutrition knowledge, intention to change eating behavior, and body dissatisfaction of adolescent volleyball players. Methods: The sample consisted of 10 female volleyball players from the juvenile category of the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil, who participated in a program with eight monthly meetings (one discussion group followed by six educational activities and one final discussion group for evaluation). Results: Nutrition knowledge, body perception, intention to change eating behavior, eating attitudes and practices were investigated using questionnaires and discussion groups before and after the athletes' participation in ludic activities designed to address nutrition strategies for athletic performance and healthy eating, and how to deal with pressure for results and self-image. Nutrition knowledge improved from 57.0%±9.9 to 63.0%±11.8 (p=0.03) of correct answers. The mean body distortion score did not change (70.0±14.9 versus 76.5±22.4, p=0.235). Six athletes advanced in their intention to change eating behavior. Positive food practices were reported during the program and the identified discourses indicated the intention of changing the daily eating habits in the future. Conclusion: The program had a positive impact on nutrition knowledge and intention of changing eating behavior; however, for other issues, especially involving emotional aspects, further interventions should be planned.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de um Programa Interdisciplinar de Educação Alimentar, Nutricional e em Saúde sobre o conhecimento nutricional, a intenção de mudança de comportamento alimentar e a insatisfação corporal de jogadoras de voleibol adolescentes. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 10 atletas de voleibol, jogadoras da categoria juvenil da cidade de Santos, SP, que participaram do programa composto por oito encontros mensais (um grupo de discussão seguido por seis atividades educacionais e um grupo de discussão final para avaliação). Resultados: Conhecimento nutricional, percepção corporal, intenção de mudança de comportamento alimentar, atitudes e práticas alimentares foram investigadas por questionários e grupo de discussão antes e depois da participação das atletas nas atividades lúdicas, as quais abordaram estratégias nutricionais para desempenho esportivo, alimentação saudável, lidar com pressão por resultados e percepção corporal. O conhecimento nutricional aumentou de 57,0% ±9,9 para 63,0% ±11,8 (p=0,03) de acerto. Não houve diferença no escore de distorção corporal (70,0±14,9 versus 76,5±22,4, p=0,235). Seis atletas avançaram na intenção de mudança de comportamento alimentar. Modificações positivas nas práticas alimentares foram relatadas durante as atividades e os discursos identificados apontam intenções de futuras mudanças nos hábitos alimentares diários. Conclusão: O programa teve impacto positivo em aumentar o conhecimento nutricional e mudança de comportamento alimentar; porém, para outros aspectos, principalmente envolvendo questões emocionais, outras intervenções devem ser planejadas.

Ansiedade e Qualidade de Vida entreEstudantes Universitários Ingressantes:Avaliação e Intervenção / Anxiety and Life Quality among Freshmen College Students:Evaluation and Intervention / Ansiedad e y Calidad de Vida Entre Estudiantes Universitariosde Primer Año: Evaluación y Intervención

O estudo avaliou ansiedade e qualidade de vida (QV) entre estudantes universitários ingressantes da área da saúde de uma universidade pública (estudo 1). Com base nos resultados, um programa de intervenção grupal foi desenvolvido (estudo 2). A intervenção consistiu de 8 sessões de 90 min. Em duas sessões foi utilizado um instrumento de biofeedback de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca. Os participantes foram avaliados pelo Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) e pelo questionário que avalia qualidade de vida (QV) SF-36. As mulheres universitárias, independentemente do curso, apresentaram maior ansiedade e pior pontuação em diferentes domínios de mensuração da QV. Os homens do curso de educação física apresentaram melhores escores em diferentes domínios da QV. A intervenção reduziu significativamente a ansiedade e melhorou a saúde mental dos participantes. Estes dados reafirmam a importância do desenvolvimento de programas de intervenção psicoterápica na universidade.(AU)

The study evaluated anxiety and life quality (LQ) of undergraduate freshman students from health science courses of a public university (study 1). In light of the results, a group intervention study was performed (study 2). This intervention consisted of eight sessions, of 90 min each. In two of the sessions, a biofeedback training device, that monitors the variability of the heart rate, was employed. The subjects were evaluated before and after the intervention by the State-Trace Anxiety Inventory and by the Medical Outcomes Study 36 – Item short form health survey. Levels of anxiety were higher and LQ aspects were lower in female students, independently of the undergraduate course. Men from the course of Physical Education showed higher scores in different domains that measured LQ. The intervention significantly reduced levels of anxiety and improved mental health. These data reaffirm the importance of the development of psychotherapeutic programs by the university.(AU)

El estudio evaluó la ansiedad y calidad de vida (CV) entre los estudiantes universitarios de primer año de cursos de la salud en una universidad pública (estudio 1). Con base en los resultados, un programa de intervención grupal fue desarrollado (estudio 2). La intervención consistió en 8 sesiones de 90 min. En dos sesiones se utilizó un instrumento de retroalimentación biológica de la variabilidad del ritmo cardíaco. Los participantes fueron evaluados por el Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado (STAI) y el cuestionario de evaluación de CV SF-36. Las mujeres universitarias, independientemente del curso, mostraron mayor ansiedad y peor puntuación en la CV. Hombres del curso de educación física mostraron puntuaciones más altas en diferentes ámbitos de la CV. La intervención redujo significativamente la ansiedad y mejoró la salud mental de los participantes. Estos datos reafirman la importancia del desarrollo de programas de intervención psicoterapéutica en la universidad.(AU)

O Emprego do Biofeedback como Estratégia deManejo do Estresse e da Ansiedade em Atletas: um Ensaio Clínico / Biofeedback Training as a Management Strategy for Stress and Anxietyin Athletes: A Clinical Study / La Retroalimentación Biológica como Estrategia de Gestión de Estrés yAnsiedad en Atletas: Un Ensayo Clínico

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do treinamento em biofeedback de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca na redução de sintomas de estresse e ansiedade em atletas. Método: Participaram do estudo atletas de uma equipe de handebol de uma cidade do estado de São Paulo. O software de biofeedbackutilizado foi o EmWave® Desktop PC e seus efeitos foram avaliados através dos instrumentos: Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida (WHOQOL – BREF), Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI), Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL) e Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2). Resultados e Conclusão: O treinamento em biofeedback promoveu melhora na qualidade de vida e redução do estresse e ansiedade competitiva dos atletas, o que sugere sua eficácia como recurso terapêutico nesta população.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a heart rate variability biofeedback-training device in reducing stress and anxiety levels in athletes. Method: Study participants where athletes of a handball team from a city of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The biofeedback software used was EmWave® Desktop PC and its effects where assessed by the following instruments: The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL – BREF), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults (ISSL), and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2). Results and Conclusion: There was an improvement of quality of life and reduction of stress and competitive anxiety, suggesting the efficacy of biofeedback training as a therapeutic tool for athletes.(AU)

O emprego do biofeedback como estratégia de manejo do estresse e da ansiedade em atletas: um ensaio clínico / Biofeedback training as a management strategy for stress and anxiety in athletes: a clinical study / La retroalimentación biológica como estrategia de gestión de estrés y ansiedad en atletas: un ensayo clínico

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do treinamento em biofeedback de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca na redução de sintomas de estresse e ansiedade em atletas. Método: Participaram do estudo atletas de uma equipe de handebol de uma cidade do estado de São Paulo. O software de biofeedback utilizado foi o EmWave® Desktop PC e seus efeitos foram avaliados através dos instrumentos: Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida (WHOQOL – BREF), Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI), Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL) e Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2). Resultados e Conclusão: O treinamento em biofeedback promoveu melhora na qualidade de vida e redução do estresse e ansiedade competitiva dos atletas, o que sugere sua eficácia como recurso terapêutico nesta população.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a heart rate variability biofeedback-training device in reducing stress and anxiety levels in athletes. Method: Study participants where athletes of a handball team from a city of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The biofeedback software used was EmWave® Desktop PC and its effects where assessed by the following instruments: The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL – BREF), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults (ISSL), and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2). Results and Conclusion: There was an improvement of quality of life and reduction of stress and competitive anxiety, suggesting the efficacy of biofeedback training as a therapeutic tool for athletes.